{"id":745,"date":"2017-01-05T18:40:55","date_gmt":"2017-01-05T18:40:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mugeakbulut.com\/bby721\/?p=745"},"modified":"2017-01-05T18:42:46","modified_gmt":"2017-01-05T18:42:46","slug":"eylem-planlari-green-actions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.mugeakbulut.com\/bby721\/eylem-planlari-green-actions\/","title":{"rendered":"Uluslararas\u0131 Eylem Planlar\u0131 (Green Actions)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><a name=\"_Toc471238458\"><\/a><strong>\u0130lk Ye\u015fil Hareket: Talloires Declaration<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tallories Deklarasyonu 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle 22 \u00fcniversitenin davet edildi\u011fi bir konferans ile ve daha sonra 40\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00fclkenin ve 350\u2019nin \u00fczerinde \u00fcniversitenin imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cs\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik\u201d temal\u0131 bir aksiyon plan\u0131d\u0131r. Bu belge, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fim, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, destek ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi devam ettirme konular\u0131nda \u00f6nc\u00fc olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten bir deklarasyondur. Deklarasyon sonunda t\u00fcm kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar baz\u0131 eylemleri yapmay\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c7evresel olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir gelecek i\u00e7in sorunlar\u0131 ele almada kamuoyunun, devletlerin, end\u00fcstrinin, kurulu\u015flar\u0131n ve \u00fcniversitelerin \u00e7evre fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ter t\u00fcr avantaj\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek,<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcm \u00fcniversiteleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir gelecek i\u00e7in n\u00fcfus, \u00e7evre ve geli\u015fim konular\u0131nda e\u011fitim, ara\u015ft\u0131rma, politika geli\u015ftirme ve bilgi de\u011fi\u015fimi yapma hususlar\u0131nda cesaretlendirmek,<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7evresel y\u00f6netim, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik, n\u00fcfus ve bunlarla ili\u015fkili alanlarda t\u00fcm \u00fcniversitelerin gen\u00e7leri \u00e7evre okuryazar\u0131 ve duyarl\u0131 vatanda\u015flar olarak mezun ede ce\u011fi programlar kurmak,<\/li>\n<li>Lisans, lisans\u00fcst\u00fc, mezun ve profesyonel okul \u00f6\u011frencilerine \u00e7evre okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretebilmek amac\u0131yla t\u00fcm fak\u00fcltelerin kapasitesini geli\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in programlar olu\u015fturmak,<\/li>\n<li>\u00dcniversitelerde kaynak tutma, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ve kat\u0131 at\u0131k azalt\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in programlar kurarak \u00e7evresel sorumlulu\u011fu art\u0131rmak,<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7evresel sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde sivil toplumun kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak,<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7evre ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir geli\u015fim sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in \u00fcniversitelerin kapasitesini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ilk ve orta okullarla i\u015fbirlikleri olu\u015fturmak,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00dcniversitelerde ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fcniversite k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinde ba\u015flayan bu hareket, zamanla halk k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerine de s\u0131\u00e7ram\u0131\u015f ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulsf.org\/programs_talloires.html\">http:\/\/www.ulsf.org\/programs_talloires.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulsf.org\/pdf\/td.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ulsf.org\/pdf\/td.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulsf.org\/pdf\/ShribergTallentFinal.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ulsf.org\/pdf\/ShribergTallentFinal.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/talloiresnetwork.tufts.edu\/who-we-ar\/talloires-declaration\/\">http:\/\/talloiresnetwork.tufts.edu\/who-we-ar\/talloires-declaration\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/talloiresnetwork.tufts.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/TalloiresDeclaration2005.pdf\">http:\/\/talloiresnetwork.tufts.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/TalloiresDeclaration2005.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kyoto Protokol\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kyoto Protokol\u00fc, sera etkisi yaratan gazlar\u0131n sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 (emisyon) k\u0131smak \u00fczere sanayile\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli hedefler belirleyen uluslararas\u0131 bir anla\u015fmad\u0131r. Sera etkisi yaratan gazlar, k\u0131smi de olsa, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n, yani k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki hayat\u0131 tehdit edecek derecede artmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan protokol, 1992\u2019de imzalanan bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve anla\u015fmas\u0131nda belirlenen ilkelere dayanmaktad\u0131r. 16 \u015eubat 2005\u2019te ise, Kyoto Protokol\u00fc kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kyoto Protokol\u00fc, sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 hedefler koyan tek uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmad\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi alan\u0131nda kullanabilece\u011fi tek ara\u00e7t\u0131r. \u015eimdiye dek 129 \u00fclke bu protokol\u00fc onaylam\u0131\u015f veya protokole kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kyoto, 2002\u2019de \u00fclke say\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ve 2004\u2019te de Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nun onay\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan sal\u0131m y\u00fczdesi s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ilmesi ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bu protokolde al\u0131nan kararlar:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Atmosfere sal\u0131nan sera gaz\u0131 miktar\u0131 % 5\u2019e \u00e7ekilecek,<\/li>\n<li>End\u00fcstriden, motorlu ta\u015f\u0131tlardan, \u0131s\u0131tmadan kaynaklanan sera gaz\u0131 miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik mevzuat yeniden d\u00fczenlenecek,<\/li>\n<li>Daha az enerji ile \u0131s\u0131nma, daha az enerji t\u00fcketen ara\u00e7larla uzun yol alma, daha az enerji t\u00fcketen teknoloji sistemlerinin end\u00fcstride yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011flanacak, ula\u015f\u0131mda, \u00e7\u00f6p depolamada \u00e7evrecilik temel ilke olacak,<\/li>\n<li>Atmosfere b\u0131rak\u0131lan metan ve karbondioksit oran\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in alternatif enerji kaynaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131lacak.<\/li>\n<li>Fosil yak\u0131tlar yerine bio dizel gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131lacak.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7imento, demir-\u00e7elik ve kire\u00e7 fabrikalar\u0131 gibi y\u00fcksek enerji t\u00fcketen i\u015fletmelerde at\u0131k i\u015flemleri yeniden d\u00fczenlenecek,<\/li>\n<li>Termik santrallerde daha az karbon \u00e7\u0131kartan sistemler, teknolojiler devreye sokulacak,<\/li>\n<li>G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinin \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lacak, n\u00fckleer enerjide karbon s\u0131f\u0131r oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyada bu enerji \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak,<\/li>\n<li>Fazla yak\u0131t t\u00fcketen ve fazla karbon \u00fcretenden daha fazla vergi al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/cevre\/54452-kyoto-protokolu-nedir-ne-degildir\">http:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/cevre\/54452-kyoto-protokolu-nedir-ne-degildir<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/newsroom.unfccc.int\/\">http:\/\/newsroom.unfccc.int\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150811053318\/http:\/unfccc.int:80\/kyoto_protocol\/items\/3145.php\">http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150811053318\/http:\/\/unfccc.int:80\/kyoto_protocol\/items\/3145.php<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.yerbilimleri.com\/2009\/02\/07\/turkiye-kyoto-protokolune-katildi\/\">http:\/\/www.yerbilimleri.com\/2009\/02\/07\/turkiye-kyoto-protokolune-katildi\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7evre hareketi ve Greenpeace\u2019in uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcren \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonucunda Kyoto Protokol\u00fcn\u00fc onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen, T\u00fcrkiye sorumluluk alan \u00fclkeler listesinde de\u011fildir. \u00d6zel bir konuma sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (UNFCCC)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC), insan kaynakl\u0131 eylemlerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n, iklim \u00fczerindeki etkilerine kar\u015f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 alanda at\u0131lan ilk ve en \u00f6nemli s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. 21 Mart 1994 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Aralar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de bulundu\u011fu 195 \u00fclke ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) taraf\u0131ndan imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye 24 May\u0131s 2004 tarihinde kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>UNFCCC\u2019nin amac\u0131, atmosferdeki sera gaz\u0131 oran\u0131n\u0131, iklim sisteminin insan kaynakl\u0131 etkilerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tehditten uzak tutacak bir seviyede durdurmakt\u0131r. Bu seviyeye, zaman \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir plan dahilinde, ekosistemlerin de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe ayak uydurabilmesini sa\u011flayacak, besin \u00fcretimini tehdit etmeyecek ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ekonomik geli\u015fmeye engel te\u015fkil etmeyecek \u015fekilde ula\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Taraf \u00fclkeleri, sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve teknoloji \u00fczerinde i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmaya ve sera gaz\u0131 yutaklar\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin ormanlar, okyanuslar, g\u00f6ller) korumaya te\u015fvik etmektedir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme, sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00fclkelerin kalk\u0131nma \u00f6nceliklerini ve \u00f6zel ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak \u201cortak fakat farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sorumluluklar\u201d y\u00fcklemi\u015ftir. \u201cOrtak fakat farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sorumluluklar\u201d ilkesi baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerin sanayi devriminden sonra iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine sebep olan sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131 atmosfere di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden daha \u00e7ok salmalar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc daha fazla sorumluluk almalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6zle\u015fme, farkl\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere g\u00f6re \u00fclkeleri \u00fc\u00e7 gruba ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ek\u2013I \u00dclkeleri: Bu grupta yer alan \u00fclkeler, sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak, sera gaz\u0131 yutaklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek, ayr\u0131ca, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nlemleri ve izledikleri politikalar\u0131 bildirmek ve mevcut sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve sal\u0131mlarla ilgili verileri iletmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler. Bu grup iki \u00fclke k\u00fcmesinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Birinci grupta 1992 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla OECD \u00fcyesi olan \u00fclkeler (bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkiye de vard\u0131r) ve AB, ikinci grupta ise Pazar Ekonomisine ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecindeki \u00fclkeler yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu grupta halen toplam 42 \u00fclke ve AB bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ek\u2013II \u00dclkeleri: Bu gruptaki \u00fclkeler, birinci grupta \u00fcstlendikleri y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere ilaveten \u00e7evreye uyumlu teknolojilerin \u00f6zellikle geli\u015fme yolundaki taraf \u00fclkelere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 veya bu teknolojilere eri\u015fimin te\u015fvik edilmesi, kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve finanse edilmesi hususlar\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ad\u0131m\u0131 atmakla sorumlu k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu grupta 23 \u00fclke ve AB yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ek D\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00dclkeler: Bu \u00fclkeler, sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve teknoloji \u00fczerinde i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmaya ve sera gaz\u0131 yutaklar\u0131n\u0131 korumaya te\u015fvik edilmekte, ancak belirli bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alt\u0131na al\u0131nmamaktad\u0131rlar. Bu grupta halen 153 \u00fclke bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/birlesmis-milletler_iklim-degisikligi-cerceve-sozlesmesi-_bmidcs_-ve-kyoto-protokolu-_.tr.mfa\">http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/birlesmis-milletler_iklim-degisikligi-cerceve-sozlesmesi-_bmidcs_-ve-kyoto-protokolu-_.tr.mfa<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/unfccc.int\/2860.php\">http:\/\/unfccc.int\/2860.php<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/newsroom.unfccc.int\/\">http:\/\/newsroom.unfccc.int\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change-_unfccc_-and-the-kyoto-protocol.en.mfa\">http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change-_unfccc_-and-the-kyoto-protocol.en.mfa<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iisd.ca\/process\/climate_atm-fcccintro.html\">http:\/\/www.iisd.ca\/process\/climate_atm-fcccintro.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stockholm \u00c7evre Bildirgesi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>1972\u2019de \u0130sve\u00e7-Sotckholm\u2019de \u0130nsan \u00c7evresi Konferans\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn olan 5 Haziran, D\u00fcnya \u00c7evre G\u00fcn\u00fc olarak bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede kutlanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Stockholm \u00c7evre Bildirgesi, baz\u0131 konulara \u00f6zellikle vurgu yapmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130nsan\u0131n ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere temel haklar\u0131ndan yararlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, insanlar\u0131n refah\u0131n\u0131 ve kalk\u0131nmalar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n \u00f6zlemi, b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin g\u00f6revidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler a\u00e7l\u0131k, bar\u0131nma, e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in kalk\u0131nma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterirken \u00e7evrelerini korumal\u0131 ve iyile\u015ftirmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Birtak\u0131m olumsuz fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisiyle tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan yaban hayat\u0131 korunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ekosistemde onar\u0131lmaz bozukluklara yol a\u00e7an zararl\u0131 maddelerin \u00e7evreye yay\u0131lmas\u0131 engellenmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130nsan ve \u00e7evresi n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer toplu imha ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n etkisinden korunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fensefe.wordpress.com\/2013\/04\/13\/32\/\">https:\/\/fensefe.wordpress.com\/2013\/04\/13\/32\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972 Stockholm Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7evre Konferans\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1972 Stockholm Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7evre Konferans\u0131, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlerin organizasyonu ile d\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri temsilcilerini sorunlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmak, k\u0131sa ve uzun vadeli \u00f6nlemleri belirlemek amac\u0131yla toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Konferans, \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir eylemlerin harekete ge\u00e7irilmesi fikrini t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya yayma ama\u00e7l\u0131 kararlar\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. \u00c7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n evrensel boyutta oldu\u011funun kitlelerce kabul edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Rio Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n temelleri de bu konferansta at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada \u00e7evre konusunda temel kaynaklardan ilkini olu\u015fturan konferans\u0131n deklarasyonu daha sonraki ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara bir hareket noktas\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/uluslararasi-cevre-konulari.tr.mfa\">http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/uluslararasi-cevre-konulari.tr.mfa<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/birlesmis-milletler-cevre-programi.tr.mfa\">http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/birlesmis-milletler-cevre-programi.tr.mfa<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7evre ve Kalk\u0131nma Konusunda Rio Bildirgesi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1992\u2019de Rio de Janerio\u2019da toplanan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7evre ve Kalk\u0131nma Konferans\u0131, Stockholm\u2019de kabul edilen bildirgeyi onaylayarak ve onu geli\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7layarak, devletlere, toplumlar\u0131n anahtar sekt\u00f6rleri ve insanlar aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi olanaklar\u0131 yaratarak, yeni ve e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir k\u00fcresel ortakl\u0131k kurmay\u0131 hedeflemektedir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve verimli bir ya\u015fam hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu savunur ve \u00fclkelerin egemenlik haklar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kendi do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7evre politikalar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr. Ancak, devletlerin kendi egemenlikleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerin \u00e7evresine zarar vermeme zorunlulu\u011funu ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Konferanstan \u00e7\u0131kan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden biri olan Biyolojik \u00c7e\u015fitlilik S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin amac\u0131; biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin korunmas\u0131, bu \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kullan\u0131m\u0131, genetik kaynaklar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan do\u011fan yararlar\u0131n adil ve hakkaniyete uygun payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fensefe.wordpress.com\/2013\/04\/13\/32\/\">https:\/\/fensefe.wordpress.com\/2013\/04\/13\/32\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Konferans\u0131 (Rio+20 Zirvesi)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Konferans\u0131 (Rio+20 Zirvesi) 20-22 Haziran 2012 tarihlerinde Brezilya\u2019n\u0131n Rio de Janerio kentinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Konferans haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda 13-15 Haziran 2012 tarihleri aras\u0131nda\u00a03. Haz\u0131rl\u0131k Komitesi Toplant\u0131lar\u0131, 16-19 Haziran 2012 tarihleri aras\u0131nda S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Diyaloglar\u0131\u00a0ve 13-22 Haziran 2012 tarihleri aras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli\u00a0yan etkinlikler (side events)\u00a0d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Zirveye, D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerinden Devlet ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131, parlamenterler, belediye ba\u015fkanlar\u0131,\u00a0Birle\u015fmi\u015f\u00a0Milletler, Avrupa Birli\u011fi-G77 yetkilileri, i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere\u00a040.000\u2019in \u00fczerindeki\u015fi\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0kat\u0131l\u0131m sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Rio+20 Zirvesi\u2019nde t\u00fcm D\u00fcnya\u2019dan gelen liderler, 20 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 1992 Rio Zirvesi\u2019nden bu yana t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan \u201cs\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma\u201d hedefinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na (iklim\u00a0de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele, ekonomik krizleri a\u015fma, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbon emisyonlu kalk\u0131nma, vb.) g\u00f6re yeniden \u015fekillenen hali \u201cye\u015fil b\u00fcy\u00fcme\u201d hedefi\u00a0i\u00e7in\u00a0uluslararas\u0131 arenada ortak bir tan\u0131ma ula\u015fmay\u0131 hedeflemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tr.undp.org\/content\/turkey\/tr\/home\/library\/environment_energy\/the_future_we_want_june_2012.html\">http:\/\/www.tr.undp.org\/content\/turkey\/tr\/home\/library\/environment_energy\/the_future_we_want_june_2012.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.skdturkiye.org\/rio20sureci-24\">http:\/\/www.skdturkiye.org\/rio20sureci-24<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tika.gov.tr\/tr\/duyuru\/birlesmis_milletler_surdurulebilir_kalkinma_rio20_konferansi_20_22_haziran_2012_tarihleri_arasinda_rio_de_janerioda_gerceklestirilecek-9293\">http:\/\/www.tika.gov.tr\/tr\/duyuru\/birlesmis_milletler_surdurulebilir_kalkinma_rio20_konferansi_20_22_haziran_2012_tarihleri_arasinda_rio_de_janerioda_gerceklestirilecek-9293<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc471238465\"><\/a><strong>H\u00fck\u00fcmetleraras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u00fck\u00fcmetleraras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli (IPCC) insanlar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin risklerini kavramaya uygun bilimsel, teknik ve sosyoekonomik bilgiyi de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in 1988\u2019de Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinden yakla\u015f\u0131k bin uzman IPCC raporlar\u0131n\u0131n taslaklar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak, bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek ve bunlara son \u015feklini vermek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 bin 5 y\u00fcz uzman rapor de\u011ferlendirme i\u015fleminde g\u00f6rev al\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylelikle IPCC d\u00fcnyan\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel fikir birli\u011fini temsil ediyor. IPCC\u2019nin b\u00f6lgesel uzmanl\u0131klar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: Afrika, Avrupa, Asya, Avustralya, Kuzey Amerika, Merkez and G\u00fcney Amerika, Kutup b\u00f6lgeleri, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck adalar ve Okyanuslar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tema.org.tr\/web_14966-2_1\/entitialfocus.aspx?primary_id=1272&amp;target=categorial1&amp;type=2\">http:\/\/www.tema.org.tr\/web_14966-2_1\/entitialfocus.aspx?primary_id=1272&amp;target=categorial1&amp;type=2<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/tr\/campaigns\/enerji\/bilim\/bilimsel-fikir-birli-i\/\">http:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/tr\/campaigns\/enerji\/bilim\/bilimsel-fikir-birli-i\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130lk Ye\u015fil Hareket: Talloires Declaration &nbsp; Tallories Deklarasyonu 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle 22 \u00fcniversitenin davet edildi\u011fi bir konferans ile ve daha [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mugeakbulut.com\/bby721\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mugeakbulut.com\/bby721\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mugeakbulut.com\/bby721\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.mugeakbulut.com\/bby721\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.mugeakbulut.com\/bby721\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=745"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.mugeakbulut.com\/bby721\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":747,"href":"http:\/\/www.mugeakbulut.com\/bby721\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745\/revisions\/747"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.mugeakbulut.com\/bby721\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.mugeakbulut.com\/bby721\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.mugeakbulut.com\/bby721\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}